UNESCO sites, mountains, beaches, and old towns, such as those in the Balkans, are part of a rich history in Southeast Europe. The Balkan Peninsula comprises ten countries, many of which were part of the former Yugoslavia.
Although Greece and Turkey sit within this peninsula, the Balkans consist of:
- Albania
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Kosovo
- The Republic of Macedonia (not to be confused with the area of Macedonia in Greece)
- Montenegro
- Romania
- Serbia
- Slovenia
For those striving to learn more about the world as we travel, backpacking in the Balkans ticks all the boxes for education and presents a moving history, making these countries unique.
Table of Contents
Albania
Albanians are some of the nicest people in the Balkans; they speak Italian and Albanian. Albania is one of the most surprising countries with UNESCO sites, beach towns, fantastic nightlife, and even its own Alps.
Buses aren't air-conditioned and don't necessarily run on time, so stick out your thumb along the roadside and hitchhike instead. A good overland itinerary would include Shkoder, Tirana, Dhermi, Sarande, and Gjirokaster.
Tip: You can rent a car in Albania effortlessly through Rent from Locals, a pioneering platform that links you with local car owners for a more authentic journey. This service provides an eco-friendly and culturally immersive way to traverse Albania's diverse landscapes. Select from various vehicles and experience Albania's rich heritage and natural beauty firsthand.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
If there is ever a country in the Balkans that will evoke your emotions, it's Bosnia. In Sarajevo, buildings that were once symbols of an Olympic city are now full of bullet holes, acting as reminders of the Bosnian War, which took place from 1992 to 1995.
Sarajevo used to be the second most important town in the European empire, and areas of the capital will remind you of Turkey with Turkish souvenirs that you can find in Istanbul.
Buses run from Sarajevo to Mostar, another favorite place to visit. There, you can see a reconstructed famous bridge that was destroyed during the war.
Bulgaria
Bulgaria is a country of contrasts, from the neon lights of Sunny Beach on the Black Sea Coast to Plovdiv, the oldest living city in Europe, with a beautiful old town.
Sofia, the capital, is a fusion of historical and modern monuments, but head to the Rhodope Mountains to experience the hospitality of the Bulgarian people. The trains here are slower than the buses but offer a scenic route.
Croatia
Dubrovnik may be out of your backpacking budget, with high accommodation prices in the old town. However, it is one of the prettiest cities in the country. Head to Split to jump aboard a boat that will take you through the Croatian islands.
There's a good bus network here, but if you're willing to brave the wild drivers, hire a car to see areas such as the Plitvice Lakes, a stunning green oasis. Plus, Croatia has the best festivals.
Kosovo
A controversial country with the majority of Albanian residents. There isn't much to see in Kosovo except the Novo Brdo Fortress or the cave system in Gadime, where you can take a guided tour.
Buses run between the cities. Crossing the border from Serbia may cause more problems than traveling from the Albanian side.
Macedonia
The capital is surprisingly modern, with monuments, artistic statues, and even Mother Teresa's house.
Check out Lake Ohrid, one of the oldest lakes in Europe, a UNESCO town full of churches and an old Roman theatre, or head to Mavrovo for horseback riding, biking, hiking, and other outdoor adventures.
There are trains and buses in Macedonia, but be ready to walk 30 minutes from the bus stop in Ohrid, as the bus doesn't drop you in the center.
Montenegro
This country has the party scene for the clubbing backpackers, with Budva resembling a mini-Ibiza.
The Top of the Hill open-air club attracts the top DJs, but for some peace, the Bay of Kotor is just stunning, and the old city has excellent bay views if you can handle the steep climb.
Party first at Budva, then head to Kotor to relax. For ease, take the bus around the country.
Romania
Traveling through Romania, you'll soon realize it's not the scenes depicted in the Dracula novels. Castles can be found here. Peles Castle, north of Bucharest, is the most beautiful.
This country offers plenty of countryside, and the university city of Timisoara has many parks to see. Start in Bucharest, then take the train to Sinaia, Brasov, and Sibiu to see the best of the country.
Serbia
The funky capital of Belgrade, Serbia, has some of the best nightlife. Boat clubs are located along the river where the Sava and Danube Rivers meet. There's enough in the capital to spend three or four days here.
Then, head to Novi Sad for the Petrovaradin Fortress before moving on to the mountainous Zlatibor region in the west. Serbia is well-connected by train from Romania and can be easily traveled by bus.
Slovenia
Don't overlook this tiny country. It may be small, but it has so much charm. The capital of Slovenia, Ljubljana, has Baroque-style architecture and musicians playing in the main square.
Lake Bled is the place for adventure. It has almost every adventure sport and a good backpacker vibe, too. With the country being tiny, it doesn't take long to go anywhere in Slovenia, so don't expect to be on a bus for longer than two hours.
If your final destination is Turkey, getting to Istanbul is easy, with buses operating directly from many Balkan countries. If you choose not to fly, a bus ticket from Skopje in Macedonia to Istanbul will cost you about $40.
So, next time you plan a trip to Europe, consider visiting the Balkan Peninsula instead of Western Europe.
